1 Introduction
Since the development of urban landscape lighting, lighting designers from all over the world have accumulated rich experience. All aspects of planning, design, construction, acceptance, management, and evaluation seem to have certain patterns and norms to follow, and many excellent typical cases have also emerged. However, when we come back, it is necessary to think rationally, carefully summarize, and examine whether the planning is as implemented, whether the design meets the requirements of the specification, whether the safety and reliability of the project is fully met, and whether the energy-saving indicators meet the national requirements. Wait. From the design point of view, whether the concept of design is innovative, whether the program is optimized, especially whether the textual representation of the program meets the requirements, whether the design text of the plan is standardized, standardized, and so on.
This paper considers the issues that should be paid attention to in the formulation of urban landscape lighting design.
2. Problems in landscape lighting design should be considered
2.1 Consider the role of function
The image of the building should reflect its functionality. For example, government agencies should be more solemn and should not be as commercial as a shopping mall; residential areas should create a quiet atmosphere; entertainment venues such as dance halls should have a cheerful and lively feeling, so at night When lighting is used to express the image of a building, the corresponding atmosphere and artistic style should be created. The style of the luminaire should also take into account the style and social and historical background of the object being photographed.
2.2 Consideration of facing materials
The feeling of light and darkness of an object depends mainly on the light intensity reflected from the object to the human eye. When the surface reflection coefficient of the material is very low, or the spectrum reflected by the surface of the material does not match the color of the projected light (such as hitting green light in red) On the wall), increasing the luminous flux to increase the brightness often fails to achieve the desired effect and wastes energy. Therefore, the nature of the facing material in landscape lighting design cannot be ignored.
2.3 consider the key parts
The lighting of the key parts should be designed according to their characteristics, which not only can highlight the key parts but also have more individuality.
2.4 Consider the relationship between monomer and the whole
Landscape lighting design must have a master plan in order to make the whole group focus, set off, and have a sense of rhythm. The whole city has style and taste. In order to achieve this goal, the design of the monomer should have a holistic concept. The intensity and light color of the light should be in harmony with the surrounding environment and the position of the irradiated object in the environment, and meet the requirements of the plan. At present, some units emphasize their own innovations, regardless of the surrounding. The environment, arbitrarily increasing the illuminance, abusing the colored light, easily causing waste and destroying the overall effect, is not allowed. The main management department shall make requests and restrictions to each unit according to the plan.
The urban night landscape is composed of various landscape elements, which form related relationships, such as the logical relationship between elements and elements, the topological relationship, and the relationship between elements and the whole. These relationships cannot be measured by a model or a type. The urban nightscape lighting environment is characterized by a large scope. The visual range of the public observer cannot cover the entire urban lighting landscape at a certain moment. In terms of forming an impression, the order is partial before the whole, in forming a partial impression and overall feeling. There is a time difference.
We should fully understand and grasp the relationship between urban landscape elements and the relationship of reincarnation, and skillfully use the coordinated changes of light and color and strength. The layout of the lighting should be reasonable, overall coordination, and the key points should be detailed and detailed.
2.5 Consider the color of light
The same light color is illuminated on objects of different colors, and the colors are different. Especially in some environments, the color is rich and beautiful during daytime viewing, and the color light projection should be especially careful. In addition, since the light at night is much darker than the daytime light, people's response to the light color is different depending on the basic illuminance of the environment. For example, during the day, a large piece of green space gives people a feeling of youth, vitality and vitality. However, a green light at night often causes a feeling of darkness and coldness. At the same time, the color light projection is often large in the building, and the size of the color patch has a certain influence on the human's psychological reaction, but the appropriate light color can also enhance the lighting effect, such as projecting different parts of a building. Different lights emphasize the level of the building. Therefore, it is necessary to use colored light with caution to prevent color imbalance.
2.6 Consider safety and reliability
In the design and construction of landscape lighting, the lighting equipment, electrical equipment and control system should ensure the maturity and reliability of the technology, and pay special attention to safety. Safety means not causing harm to the surrounding person or damage to the environment. Safety also includes the mechanical strength, electrical, construction, operation, and installation safety of the luminaire itself and its power distribution unit. The arrangement of the lamps should be properly concentrated according to the situation, so that the laying of the lines can be relatively concentrated. The location of the luminaire should be easy to install and maintain. Otherwise, it is not easy to repair once there is a problem, or it is prone to safety accidents during installation and maintenance. At the same time, we should not only ignore the lighting effects at night and ignore the observation of the lamps during the day. And pay attention to protection, the protection here includes natural disasters and man-made disasters and animal damage, damage and loss of lamps.
2.7 consider glare problems
At night, when the strong light is projected within 45° of the human line of sight, it will cause glare, which makes it impossible for people to distinguish objects, affect walking and watching, and even cause traffic accidents. Therefore, the direction of light projection should avoid people's sight. On the other hand, it is also necessary to prevent light pollution caused by lighting and affect people's normal life and work. Such as investing in the room to influence the rest, and investing in the sky to influence astronomical observations.
2.8 consider energy saving
There are many ways to illuminate the night landscape. It can be projected from the outside or inside. If you project from the outside, you should pay attention to the lamp position when designing the building. Pay attention to shortening the optical path to reduce the power consumption without affecting the daytime. Looking at it. The internal light transmission is more closely related to the architectural design. Therefore, new construction architects should consider these issues in a unified manner.
2.9 Consider hierarchical control
It should be preset to be controlled by weekdays or festivals. It should have complete artistic effects under different control conditions, which can save energy.
2.10 consider viewing
The location, style and color of landscape lighting will cause damage to the city's cityscape during the day without considering the image of the day. If you think about it well, you can make the city's cityscape brighter. The lamp position should be reasonably designed according to the actual situation. Try to see the light that does not see the light. The decorative lamp should have the appearance and color.