One of the hot research topics of intelligent transportation in recent years is the Connected Car, which is designed to create safer, smarter and more environmentally friendly transportation vehicles.
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Among all the conditions required to build a connected car, connectivity is one of the important elements of its realization. Connected cars can provide more convenience by driving the vehicle to the vehicle to the Vehicle to Roadside Unit, such as traffic signs, cars and smart phones or other devices. Make the car more secure on the journey.
The connectivity applications of connected cars can be roughly divided into the following three types:
1. Link between car and car (V2V)
Communicate with each other through vehicles to prevent traffic accidents and reduce traffic accidents.
2. Link between vehicle and roadside (V2R) and infrastructure (V2I)
It provides real-time and regional road information for the owner, facilitating the journey quickly and easily.
3. Links between cars and other smart devices/systems
Connected to other user systems, providing real-time, uninterrupted service, making the ride environment and journey safer and more comfortable.
The number of new vehicles currently deployed in the Internet of Vehicles is gradually increasing, but most application services only contact the back-end system of the vehicle manufacturer for assistance, or provide navigation and various voice services during driving; but if it involves a higher level, such as Application functions related to safe driving are still rare.
WAVE/DSRC will become standard equipment for new cars
Regarding the communication between the car and the car, the United States plans to implement the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) technology. Although NHTSA does not clearly indicate which DSRC communication technology will be used, the DSRC communication technology that will be adopted in the previous research and development and field test in the United States should be 5.9GHz vehicle environment wireless access (WAVE)/DSRC. Contains IEEE1609 related protocols and IEEE802.11p technology.
The effective communication distance of the DSRC is several hundred meters. The vehicle transmits information such as position, speed, direction and other information to other vehicles on the road through the DSRC at a frequency of ten times per second. When the vehicle receives signals from other vehicles, if necessary (for example) There are other vehicles on the corner of the road, or the vehicle in front suddenly hits the car and changes lanes. The interior device will remind the driver of the flashing signal, voice reminder or seat, steering wheel vibration, etc. (Figure 1).
Figure 1 The car provides DSC safety warning information. For this purpose, General Motors (GM) has applied for a patent for the car seat vibration technology, and Ford has also developed steering wheel vibration technology to match the possible installation. Vehicle interconnection communication system.
In addition, if the road facilities such as the traffic management number use DSRC communication technology, they can also talk to the vehicles on the road to inform the driver of the relevant road conditions (such as road congestion, construction, road potholes, etc.) so that the driver can divert in advance. Or pay attention.
DSRC establishes the basis of automatic driving
The Michigan Transportation Bureau (MDOT) conducted a real vehicle demonstration test in Oakland, Michigan in 2011. In this real vehicle demonstration test, there were nearly 3,000 cars, buses, trucks and motorcycles equipped with DSRC communication devices. The car participates in the test of V2V and V2I communication utility.
The test first connects the roadside device of the vehicle and the intersection traffic signal control device. Through the DSRC communication technology, the intersection traffic light signal transmits the signal phase and timing (SPAT) information to the vehicle, and the vehicle is based on the differential global satellite positioning system. (DGPS)/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for precise positioning, based on its driving information (vehicle speed, heading direction, stop line distance) and environmental information (segment length, road speed limit), estimate the driving speed of the vehicle driver In order to achieve the application of driving safety and efficiency (Figure 2).
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of SPaT broadcast through DSRC At the International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) held in the United States in January 2014, Ford, General Motors and other major auto manufacturers showed their most advanced V2V communication technology. According to relevant research and development personnel, the function of this system is far greater than the technology of vehicle radar and infrared transmission induction, and will become the basis of future self-driving cars; and when the technology enters the commercial stage, the new car is only required to be installed. More than $100 in additional costs.
Although the DSRC is supported by Ford, GM, Honda, Hyundai, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, Toyota, and many other automakers, the United States Department of Transportation Transportation, USDOT) officials said that the new technology will take at least 10 years to be widely used; in addition, although this technology is expected to reduce traffic accidents, it may also cause controversy over personal privacy. Automobile automation experts said that through the DSRC system, car manufacturers and other related institutions will be able to understand the owner's every move, and the follow-up of the technology in application and regulation is still worth observing.
In addition to the United States, European countries and Australia have also begun to research and test DSRC communication technology and develop new application areas; in Portugal, it uses more than 500 vehicles and Road Side Unit (RSU) to construct The Vehicle Mesh Network covers the entire city and serves as a data transfer for the port terminal management system.
Combine remote services, vehicle networking to optimize vehicle management
The aforementioned DSRC connected car applications mainly provide mutual reduction of traffic safety warnings and road condition information to reduce the occurrence of accidents and casualties; the equipment must have a DSRC communication function supporting the roadside unit of the government; in addition, It is also dependent on government regulations to support it.
Since most of the vehicles are not equipped with DSRC communication functions, the government has not built a large number of roadside units, so that the major manufacturers will only start to connect their smart phones, car machines and 3G/4G networks to provide their own car networking. Services such as GM's OnStar and Volkswagen's Car-Net (Figure 3).
Figure 3 The Car-Net service provided by Volkswagen takes the Fox Motor as an example. Currently, Car-Net car networking service is available on some models. The service can be roughly divided into Remote Vehicle Access and Security Guard. (Safe & Secure), Family Guardian, Diagnostics & Maintenance, and more.
In the case of "security guardian", in the event of a traffic collision, once the airbag in the car is inflated, the vehicle will automatically connect to the service center immediately, and the customer service personnel will immediately notify the relevant ambulance unit to go to the rescue; and when the vehicle is in need of assistance, The owner only needs to press the emergency call button in the car to get the online service center to get proper assistance. When the vehicle is stolen, the service center can also know the current location of the vehicle and continue to track the vehicle behavior to assist the owner to find the vehicle as soon as possible. Return to the car (Figure 4).
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