Modern buildings have gradually emerged as high, large, full and new.
The internal flow of a building including horizontal traffic and vertical traffic is also growing. We hope that these buildings (including the underground part) will be powered continuously, and in fact various disasters are also possible. Such as: fires, explosions and earthquakes and other disasters. In the event of these disasters, the normal power supply often fails or the power must be disconnected, when normal lighting is completely extinguished. In order to protect the safety of personnel and property, and effectively stop the spread of disasters or accidents, emergency lighting should be invested immediately.
1 Classification of emergency lighting: Emergency lighting is the lighting for the evacuation, security or continued work of the normal lighting system due to power failure and no longer providing normal lighting.
Emergency lighting includes: standby lighting, evacuation lighting, and safety lighting.
1.1 Standby lighting: The emergency lighting part provided to ensure normal activities continue in the event of a normal lighting power failure. Standby lighting should be set up in the following places: a. Failure to operate in time after power failure or disposal of places that may cause explosions, fires and poisoning, such as hydrogen production, paint production, chemicals, petroleum, plastics, celluloid and their products. Certain operating parts of explosive production and solvent production.
b. Do not perform timely operation or dispose of the damaged parts of Tan Cheng's production process or processing damaged parts. For example, some processes in the chemical industry, petroleum industry, metallurgical, aerospace and other industrial steelmaking furnaces, metals Some parts of the melt casting, heat treatment and precision processing workshops.
c. The place where the lighting is extinguished will cause greater political influence or serious economic loss. Such as important communication centers, radio stations, television stations, power plants and central substations, control centers, national and international conference centers, important hotels, international terminals, transportation hubs, important power supply stations (heating, gas supply) , oil supply) and water supply facilities.
d. The place where the lighting is extinguished will hinder the firefighting assistance work. Such as fire control room, emergency generator room, broadcasting room and power distribution room.
e. Activities in which important underground buildings will not work because the lights are extinguished. Such as subway stations, underground hospitals, large and medium-sized underground shopping malls, underground hotels, underground restaurants, underground libraries and underground entertainment venues.
f. Lighting will be extinguished, which will result in the theft of valuables and valuables. Such as large and medium-sized valuables sales area, checkout counters and bank teller desks.
1.2 Evacuation lighting In the event of a normal power failure, the emergency lighting section is provided to enable personnel to easily and accurately find the exit of the building. Evacuation lighting should normally be provided at the following locations: a. Large number of people and dense public buildings. Such as large auditoriums, large conference rooms, theaters, cinemas, cultural palaces, stadiums, large exhibition halls, museums, art galleries, large and medium-sized shopping malls, large waiting halls, terminal buildings and large hospitals.
b, large and medium-sized hotels, large restaurants and other buildings.
e, a large industrial plant with particularly important personnel.
1.3 Safety lighting The emergency lighting section provided to ensure the safety of personnel in potentially dangerous situations in the event of a normal power failure. Safety lighting should normally be provided in the following locations.
a. When the normal lighting in the industrial plant is extinguished due to the power itch, it may cause serious dangers such as bruises and burns in the dark, such as circular saws with unprotected tools and tools.
b. When normal lighting is extinguished due to power failure, the rescue work of critically ill patients cannot be carried out in time, delaying the first aid time and possibly endangering the patient's life.
Such as the operating room of the hospital, the rescue room of critical patients.
C. After normal lighting is extinguished due to power failure, due to the accumulation of many people and unfamiliar with environmental conditions, it is easy to cause, fearful and may cause personal injury or death, or elevators that are difficult for outsiders to contact.
According to the concept of emergency lighting and the place where emergency lighting should be set up, it is easy to find that emergency lighting should meet the general requirements of lighting as well as the special requirements of emergency response. It must be illuminated in an emergency and at the same time ensure It is safely and reliably installed in a building in a good emergency state throughout the year. In addition to choosing the right source of light, it is vital to choose a safe, reliable, durable, and durable emergency lighting source.
2 Classification of emergency lighting power supply Emergency lighting power supply is the state that the normal power supply no longer provides the minimum brightness required for normal lighting, that is, when the normal lighting power supply voltage drops below 60% of the rated voltage, it is converted to emergency lighting power supply. Emergency lighting can be broadly classified into the following types: feeder lines from the power grid that are effectively separated from the normal power source.
Battery pack: It is divided into the following cases: the battery has its own battery, that is, its own power supply emergency light.
Centralized battery pack.
A battery pack that is centrally located in a partition.
Combined power supply: It is a combination of any two of the above and three power supply modes.
3 Determination of conversion time: The conversion time is determined according to the actual project and relevant specifications.
The conversion time for lighting should not be greater than 15S. The conversion time for evacuation lighting should not be greater than 15S. The conversion time for safety lighting should not be greater than 0.5S. The conversion time is determined mainly from the necessary operations, handling and possible accidents and economic losses. The venue requires a shorter conversion time. For example, the cashier at the center of the mall should not be larger than 1.5S; for production sites with serious risks, it should be determined according to the actual needs of production.
For the evacuation lighting and the backup lighting, it is easy to realize automatic conversion. Even if the diesel generator set is used as the emergency power supply, automatic start and automatic conversion can be realized. For the safety lighting, the conversion time is extremely short at 0.5S. Diesel generator sets cannot be used as emergency power sources, and fluorescent lamps cannot be used as light sources. Instantly lit incandescent lamps must be used and must be automatically converted.
4 Determination of continuous lighting time From the type of emergency lighting power supply and the conversion time requirements, it is not difficult to see that the continuous working hours of emergency lighting are subject to certain conditions. It is usually stipulated that the continuous working time of evacuation lighting should not be less than 3 minutes. According to different requirements, it can be divided into 6 grades such as 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes. The continuous working hours of the backup and safety lighting should be based on the specific requirements of the place of use.
For the emergency lighting system connected to the power grid or generator set, the continuous working time is easy to meet the requirements; for the battery-powered emergency lighting system, the working time is limited by the capacity, and it is not suitable to use the battery separately for places requiring long working hours. The group should be considered for use with the generator set. In this case, the battery pack is powered only as a transition to emergency lighting. Therefore, the continuous working time can be appropriately reduced. When selecting the emergency lighting power supply, the continuous working time should be based on The situation is determined.
5 Selection of emergency lighting power supply The selection of emergency lighting power supply should be determined according to the type of emergency, conversion time, continuous working time, characteristics of various power sources, and the objective needs and requirements of actual engineering. Reliable, technologically advanced and economically sound.
5.1 Power supply from the grid separate from the normal feeder circuit.
This kind of power supply has the characteristics of short conversion time (conversion time is easy to meet the requirements in various situations), long working time and reliable work. Therefore, this kind of power supply application is more common, especially in large and medium-sized cities, large and medium-sized factories. It is relatively easy to obtain such power supply. For public buildings and factories, due to the production and work needs, when the specific power grid backup power supply, it should be used as the emergency first. Lighting power supply. It is not economical to set such a power supply specifically for emergency lighting. In consideration of the actual situation of the local power and the actual situation of the project, the emergency power supply and emergency lighting power supply for the power equipment shall be arranged in a coordinated manner. The standby lighting for the standby lighting and fire pump room to continue to maintain production shall be the same as that used for the production of Electrical equipment and fire pumps. The backup power supply is generally obtained from the power grid.
5.2 Diesel generator set power supply: For the emergency generator set, because the motor investment operation takes a long time, the unit that is often in the backup state needs about 15S since the power-off time, so it can only be used as emergency lighting power for evacuation lighting and standby lighting. It cannot be used alone for security lighting. It is uneconomical and unreasonable to set up a generator set specifically for emergency lighting. In raft buildings, generator sets are often required to meet fire protection requirements; in some industrial production plants or communication and transportation centers, they are often considered together with the needs of production and operation of electrical equipment.
5.3 Battery Power: Battery power can be divided into: battery with built-in battery, centralized battery pack, three types. The built-in battery in the lamp is self-contained with power supply type emergency light. This way, the power supply has high reliability, the conversion is rapid and convenient, the line fault has no effect, and the battery damage has a small impact. The disadvantage is that the investment is large, and the continuous lighting time is limited by the size of the operation management and maintenance requirements. This method is suitable for buildings with a small number of emergency lighting, and a relatively scattered and small scale.
The battery pack power supply set centrally or in a centralized manner has the advantages of reliable power supply, rapid conversion, less investment compared with the self-contained battery method, and convenient management and maintenance. The disadvantage is that special rooms are needed. The battery has a large area. When the power supply distance is long, the wire carrying surface is large, which will increase the copper consumption, and the line should consider the fire prevention problem. This method is suitable for the number of emergency lighting. More concentrated buildings and larger buildings. Therefore, important public buildings and important underground buildings are sometimes used in conjunction with other types of emergency lighting power supplies, which is more economical. However, if there is such a power source in a building such as a computing station and the capacity can meet the requirements, the power source can be used as the emergency lighting power source for the site.
5.4 Combined power supply: The power supply mode consisting of any combination of two or more of the above power supplies. Due to the different structure and reliability of the above-mentioned power supplies, the requirements and application scope of the system are also different. Therefore, it is sometimes difficult to meet the requirements in selecting an emergency lighting power supply in practice. At this time, it is necessary to select two or more types of emergency lighting power sources.
When the emergency lighting power source is an independent power source taken from the power grid, it is required to externally reference two independent power supplies to ensure that one road still fails while the other road continues to work. The emergency lighting distribution system is self-contained to ensure that the system can still supply power after the non-fire load is removed in the event of a fire. In this way, the power supply capacity and power supply time are not limited, and the conversion time is easy to meet the requirements. However, in the event of a major disaster, the reliability of power supply may be destroyed. Therefore, it is not enough to use this method for emergency lighting power for large-scale high-rise buildings and some particularly important buildings. Generator sets or batteries are necessary supplements and enhancements for emergency lighting power supplies.
The advantage of generator power supply is that the power supply capacity and power supply time are basically unlimited. The disadvantage is that the conversion time is long and cannot be used for safety lighting and some standby lighting for places with high conversion time requirements. When it is needed for such a place. Emergency lighting fixtures powered by battery packs should be used as over-liquid lighting. High-rise buildings and some large-scale buildings that are particularly important should be powered by a combination of generator and battery lighting.
6. Conclusion: In actual construction projects, the choice of emergency lighting power supply should be based on the number of floors, size, complexity, the number of people staying in the building and the number of people in the building, the characteristics of production and use in the building, and the degree of fire hazard. And the importance of the building, as well as the setting of other emergency power sources, etc., comprehensively consider and conduct technical and economic analysis and comparison, and select the optimal emergency lighting power supply.
(Continued from page 63) In the case (fire pump has started) the test button is intact.
Use strong cutting operation, usually used as a checkback
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