A programming language is a formal language used to define a computer program. It is a standardized communication technique used to issue commands to a computer. A computer language allows programmers to accurately define the data that a computer needs to use and precisely define the actions that should be taken in different situations.
Programming languages, commonly known as "computer languages", are very diverse and can be divided into three major categories: machine language, assembly language, and high-level language. Every step of the computer's actions, one step, is performed according to a program that has been programmed in a computer language. The program is a collection of instructions to be executed by the computer, and the programs are all written in the language we have mastered. Therefore, people must control the computer to issue commands to the computer through the computer language. There are currently two forms of general-purpose programming languages: assembly language and high-level languages.
The essence of assembly language is the same as that of machine language. It is directly operated on hardware, but the instruction uses the identifier of English abbreviation, which is easier to identify and remember. It also requires the programmer to write each step of the specific operation in the form of a command. An assembler usually consists of three parts: instructions, directives, and macros. Each instruction of the assembler can only correspond to a very small action in the actual operation. For example, moving, self-incrementing, assembly source programs are generally verbose, complex, error-prone, and programming with assembly language requires more computer expertise, but the advantages of assembly language are obvious, the operations that can be done in assembly language It is not a general high-level language, and the executable files generated by the source program are not only small, but also very fast.
High-level languages ​​are the choice of most programmers. Compared with assembly language, it not only synthesizes many related machine instructions into a single instruction, but also removes the details related to the specific operation but not related to the completion of the work, such as using the stack, registers, etc., which greatly simplifies the instructions in the program. . At the same time, programmers do not need to have too much expertise because of the many details omitted. The high-level language is mainly relative to assembly language. It does not refer to a specific language, but includes many programming languages. Like the simplest programming language, PASCAL is also a high-level language. Programs written in high-level languages ​​cannot be directly recognized by the computer and must be converted to be executed. The C language is the most basic and widely used high-level language.
The language of microcontroller programming can be either C or assembly. The advantage of using assembly is that the program can be optimized by the programmer instead of being optimized by the compiler, so that it can be absolutely controllable. The security and execution speed of the program is limited by the programmer level, but the total execution speed is faster than the C language. The code occupies less memory than the C language. In this way, the assembler is more suitable for older microcontrollers with smaller program memory and data memory. However, the assembler is a compilation mnemonic of the machine language after all, so there are disadvantages that the instructions are difficult to remember and the command function is weak, which causes learning difficulties. The advantages and disadvantages of the C language are exactly the opposite of the compilation. After all, C language is a high-level language with good learning ability, almost no need to memorize instructions, easy to learn, and compile-time optimization is managed by the compiler, generally not limited by the level of the programmer. Due to the limitations of machine optimization, the overall execution speed of C language is slower than assembly language, and the code occupies a larger capacity of program memory than assembly language. Thus, the C program is more suitable for newer microcontrollers with larger program memory and data memory.
In embedded development, C language and assembly language are compared. As a low-level language, assembly is the language closest to machine language and hardware. C language can only be regarded as the most basic high-level language, compared with other high-level languages. The intuitive difference between the two is that the real-time performance of assembly language is very good, but the readability is poor, and the portability is not strong. On the contrary, C language is highly readable and portable, but the real-time relative compilation is poor. .
Use C language to write the MCU program, regardless of the initialization address of the program, without considering the protection of ACC, PSW and working registers, without considering the overflow carry CY. And compiling these needs to be considered.
Compared with 51 MCU, STM32 has high code efficiency (32 bits contain a large amount of information, most instructions are fixed in one byte), fast execution speed (72MHz system clock is not covered), powerful (peripheral rich, many pins, tube) The foot function can be remapped). If you use assembly, the amount of engineering is huge, there are too many registers, the number of bits is high, and the operation is difficult. So STM32 is generally programmed in C language.
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