The development of emerging industries will determine China's world status in the next economic cycle. However, due to the lack of core technologies, some emerging industries continue to develop the traditional industries of “labor-intensive simple processing, high consumption, high pollution, and low profitsâ€. mode.
There are tens of thousands of LED companies in China, and local governments also strongly support the development, but many companies are doing low-end production and processing with government subsidies. A company known as “high-tech†in Shanxi Province receives tens of millions of high-tech support funds from Shanxi Province every year, but has no core technology. The core components (chips) required for production are imported from Taiwan, and all other components are purchased. The assembly is only done locally; the product assembly is completely manual, and there is no production line. The net profit of this company is not worth the financial support from the government.
In addition to LEDs, most of the emerging industries that are currently developing rapidly in China lack core technologies. They are typical “two-outside†companies: key materials come from abroad, products are sold abroad, and most companies are still like traditional processing industries. , doing low-tech work such as packaging components.
According to reports, at present, the core technology of China's major new energy equipment is controlled by foreign companies, and the production capacity of high-end products and core components of new energy equipment in China is seriously insufficient. Polysilicon core technology - Trichlorosilane reduction method is monopolized by a few companies in the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries. It is difficult for Chinese companies to obtain key technologies, and the price of high-purity silicon materials accounts for more than 70% of the cost of solar cells. Core technology, most of the profits from the domestic PV industry are often offset by costs.
In the field of wind turbine manufacturing, there is indeed a certain surplus in the manufacture of wind turbines, but the localization of key components, especially the most core bearings and control systems, is still blank in China. Ma Dexiu, secretary of the National People's Congress of Shanghai Jiaotong University, publicly stated that due to the lack of independent innovation technology, it is necessary to deliver the corresponding intellectual property fees to foreign countries, resulting in high production costs of wind power equipment, while the production capacity in the assembly chain is relatively surplus, and the industry profits are widespread. Lower, and even lead to industry losses. The downstream processing and manufacturing of photovoltaic cell production has over-invested and continuously expanded production capacity, but this is a low-level expansion without core technology support. Once industrial technology is upgraded, the expanding capacity will become a bad asset.
In addition, although solar energy and wind energy are the development direction of the future energy industry, they have the reputation of “clean energyâ€, but some solar energy and wind energy enterprises that are quick and profitable are obviously making money on the premise of sacrificing the environment. It is reported that the refining of one ton of polysilicon consumes 160,000 kWh and the by-product silicon tetrachloride. From the perspective of unit energy consumption, the energy consumption of producing 1 KW of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules is about 2600 KWh, of which the main energy consumption is in polysilicon. Production. Under the current technical conditions, it belongs to the "two high" type industry. Although some experts said that with the advancement of technology, the energy consumption of the solar photovoltaic industry will decline rapidly, and clean production in the production process, but domestic photovoltaic companies have caused pollution due to opportunistic.
Lu Zhengwei, chief economist of Industrial Bank, said that the lack of core technology in some emerging industries has become “pseudo-emerging†and has nothing to do with the guidance of local governments. Many local governments have been pursuing the scale that they have to achieve in a few years. This has led companies to blindly introduce technology, and what is easy to do, in order to achieve faster development, but to block the road of independent innovation.
"The government should not choose the track for technological development for enterprises, but also cultivate the mechanism of technological innovation, not the final product. The government should measure it by indicators." Lu political commissar said.
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